UNIT 7: HISTORY OF ANIMATION "MAKING A FLIPBOOK".

THE HISTORY OF ANIMATION

WHAT IS ANIMATION?

Animation is the process of designing, drawing, making layouts and preparation of photographic sequences which are integrated in the multimedia and gaming products. Animation involves the exploitation and management of still images to generate the illusion of movement.

TYPES OF ANIMATION

5 Basic Types Of Animation 

(information and images from the web www.nyfa.edu)

• Cel (Celluloid) Animation. This is the original hand-drawn cel animation where the artist literally has to draw thousands of images on special paper and have them photographed, frame by frame. 

• 2D Animation. This is vector-based animation, and has two distinct advantages: it is cheap and easy to access. You need a basic understanding of key frames and mostly uses software such as Adobe Animate CC 

• 3D Animation. 3D animation and visual effects are, quite simply, the way of the future. 3D animation operates on different principles, and is more akin (similar) to puppetry than traditional animation. For this, you need to learn how to digitally model a character, sculpt it perfectly and give it a skeleton that you can move and manipulate. You’ll have to pose the model at certain frames, and then let the computer do the rendering.

• Motion Graphics. This visual effect technique involves moving graphic elements such as text or logos, mostly using software such as After Effects. Works Best For: Those working in the advertising industry or doing multimedia projects, or even designing the opening of film titles.

• Stop Motion. Stop motion is like traditional animation, except instead of drawing, you have clay models and a set that you have to carefully manipulate to produce animation. Stop motion can also be done with puppets, cut-outs, silhouettes and even action figures. In the past, stop motion was used as a form of special effects for live-action films, and has largely been replaced by 3D animation and visual effects work. However, there are filmmakers — like Tim Burton — who work almost exclusively with stop-motion. Think: Laika Films’ “Coraline,” “ParaNorman,” and recently “Kubo and the Two Strings.”

HISTORY OF ANIMATION

Here is some information about Images in Motion, the History of Animation. Here is a brief trailer and introduction to PIXAR STUDIOS, founded February the 3rd, 1986, by Steve Jobs, Ed Catmull and John Lasseter. 

If you have some more time, here is the full documentary about PIXAR STUDIOS.

Here is the famous and amazing speech by Steve Jobs at Stanford, 2005. But first let's get a little bit more infomation about him:  

ACTIVITY: CREATE A FLIPBOOK





SOME EXAMPLES OF FLIPBOOKS:

 

UNIT 6: THE COLOUR WHEEL, ACTIVITIES AND IDEAS.

COLOUR WHEEL WITH COLOUR PENCILS

Draw a 6 cm radius circumference and divide it in 12 equal parts, then colour the primary, secondary and tertiary colours (in this order) using only the three primary colour pencils. Write the names of the colours and divide it in two parts, indicating warm and cool colour schemes.

 

INTERACTIVE COLOUR ACTIVITIES AND IDEAS

• Color Shecheme Designer: working with warm and colod colors, opposite ones... and colorblind.

• Color Palette Generator. Enter the URL of an image to get a color palette that matches the image. This is useful for coming up with a website color palette that matches a key image a client wants to work with.

• Color Hunter. A similar one.

• 
  El color. All about color with a lot of interactive activities. 

• Color in motion: Colour and emotions. How colour can provoke feelings or moods.

• Colour Method. A fantastic game to help you understand the colour wheel. It is created for Method of Action, which is a collection of tools, games and articles to help you learn design. 

COLOUR EXPERIMENTS (CLICK ON THE IMAGE BELOW)

How many colors are in one crayola marker?! - Kindergarten, Kindergarten

Is Black Really Black? Sharpie Experiment -  Steve Spangler 

Experiment with sharpie markers, create a tie dye tee! - Spangler

Chalk Chromatography - Is green just green? Conduct an experiment with markers and chalk to find out what colors make up a single colored marker. After your experiment, draw with your colored chalk!

PLAY-DOH COLOUR WHEEL ACTIVITY

CLICK ON THE COLOUR WHEEL TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT IT

UNIT 6: ELEMENTS OF ART "COLOUR"

ELEMENTS OF ART: 

"POINT, LINE, SHAPE, FORM, VALUE, TEXTURE, COLOUR, SPACE"

HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT COLOUR? 

LET'S CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE 

(Click on the image below) 

ACTIVITIES 

Interpretation of "Twilight in Venice" by Claude Monet.

YAACOV AGAM 

 Yaacov Agam  (born 11 may 1928, Israel) is an Israeli sculptor and experimental artist best known for his contributions to optical and kinetic art.

 AGAMOGRAPHIES

UNIT 5: ELEMENTS OF ART "VALUE"

ELEMENTS OF ART: "VALUE"

 

Shading Techniques for Drawing

Techniques used for applying shading to an object are quite varied. Each technique produces a different texture and "feel" to the drawing. The drawing medium used may determine the shading technique that is applied in the drawing.

The most common application techniques include:

Hatching - Lines drawn in the same direction. By drawing lines closer together, darker values are created. Leaving more space between lines results in lighter values. For rounded objects, the lines may curve slightly around the form - following the contours of the object.

Cross-Hatching - Lines cross over each other. The density at which the lines cross over each other determines the value that is produced.

Blending - Smooth gradations of value are produced either by adjusting the amount of pressure applied to the medium or by using a blending tool, such a blending stump.

Rendering - Using an eraser to remove the medium to produce lighter values. This technique is typically used in conjunction with blending.

Random lines - Loose applications of crossing lines. The frequency in which the lines cross over each determines the value produced.

Stippling - Applying countless small dots to build up darker values in a drawing. The density of the dots determines the value produced.

SEE ALSO : How to create smooth shading with graphite

The Illusion of Light

It's easy to get caught up in the technique in which the material is applied and loose sight of the reason why we apply shading in the first place.

Light is how we see, after all, and shading informs us of the light within a scene. We understand the light within the scene through the use of value and contrast.

Value is the darkness or lightness of a color. Light values are called tints and dark values are called shades.

Contrast deals with difference. Contrast is produced when any difference between elements such as texture, color, size, or value occurs. It can be subtle or extreme. When it comes to shading, we are mostly concerned with the contrast that is produced from changes in value.

When light hits the subject, it produces a range of contrasting values. The intensity of the light determines the contrast of values. Generally, the stronger the light - the higher the contrast.

Values are arranged on the subject according to the location and intensity of the light source (or sources). To simplify the manner in which light behaves on a subject and surrounding objects, we'll look at what happens with just one light source on a smooth surface.

Locations of Value

Highlight - The highlight is the location on the subject where the reflection of light is most intense. Highlights are typically indicated by a very light value of the color or in some cases - white.

Mid Tone - Mid tones are areas on the subject where some light is hitting, but in a manner that is less intense than the highlight. In many cases, the mid tone is the actual color (local color) or value of the subject.

Core Shadow - The core shadow is the area on the subject where light is prevented from hitting, producing an area of shadow. Core shadows are typically darker values of the local color.

Cast Shadow - Cast shadows are locations of darker value that result on surrounding objects or surfaces. Light is blocked from reaching these areas completely because another object is reflecting much of the light away.

Some light is reflected back off of surrounding objects and surfaces. This light bounces back onto objects producing an area of lighter value.

ACTIVITY: WINDMILLS  

UNIT 4: LINEAR PERSPECTIVE

3D ART: A QUESTION OF PERSPECTIVE

The wife of 15th-century Italian artist Paolo Uccello used to beg him to come to bed. She was fed up of him staying up all night drawing objects with the new method of 3D illusion – or as it was called at the time, "perspective". He still wouldn't come to bed. "This perspective is such a sweet thing," he said.

As you already know we live in a three-dimensional world:  

1. Height  2. Length  3. Depth

We can change or viewpoint, trasnforming the way we see things. That way objects seem to be smaller of bigger depending whether we are close or far away from them. The same way objects might seem to vanish or disappear when we move around them or we move away from them. Light also plays a very interesting role in the way we perceive objects. 

3D OPTICAL ILLUSION

Now let's watch a few tutorials 

How to draw ONE POINT LINEAR PERPECTIVE: 

How to draw TWO POINT PERPECTIVE: 

How to draw AN OPTICAL ILLUSION AND 3D EFFECT: 

UNIT 3: VISUAL ELEMENTS "WAYS TO CREATE DEPTH AND SPACE"

How to Create THE ILLUSION OF DEPTH AND SPACE

(From  www.virtualinstructor.com and www.circlelineartschool.com)

One of the ELEMENTS IN ART IS DEPTH AND SPACE.  

It is important to be able to create the illusion of space on a 2D surface. In reality, all realistic or representational art depends on the creation of an illusion.  If creating realistic art is what you're after, then having the ability to create the illusion of space on a 2D surface is a skill that you will find useful. There are a few tricks that you can use to create the illusion of space.  There are ways to create the illusion of space on a 2D surface. 

Use them together to maximize the illusion.

How to Create Depth

1. Overlapping - When one object is positioned in front of another object, part of the object behind it may be blocked from view.  This is called overlapping. 

2. Shading - Creating volume using gradients from darker to lighter. 

3. Placement on the Surface - Generally, objects that are positioned lower on the picture plane will appear closer than objects that are positioned higher on the picture plane.

4. Size - Objects that are closer to a viewer appear larger than objects that are further off in the distance.

5. Value and Focus - Objects that are closer to a viewer appear darker in value and warmer in color.  Objects that are further away appear lighter in value and cooler in color. Objects that are closer appear more detailed than objects that are further away.

6. Linear Perspective - By using either 1 point perspective, 2 point perspective, or 3 point perspective, an artist can create the illusion of space.  Linear perspective is a drawing method that uses lines to draw objects in space.

Let's watch it here: 

How to draw a landscape using ATMOSPHERIC PERPECTIVE: 

UNIT 2: IMPLIED AND REAL TEXTURES

MAKING ART WITH VISUAL (IMPLIED) AND TACTILE (REAL) TEXTURES

REAL TEXTURES: MATERIC ART

IMPLIED TEXTURES: ZENTANGLE ART